Look up a Tenant ID from a domain, or find the domain from a Tenant ID
No. Microsoft publishes it in the tenant’s public sign-in configuration, so anyone can find it for a domain that uses Microsoft 365. On its own it gives no access to anything. It does reveal that a domain uses Microsoft 365, which is worth keeping in mind for phishing awareness — attackers use the same lookup.
Microsoft has no anonymous way to turn a tenant ID back into a domain, so the reverse lookup goes through Microsoft Graph. It returns the organisation’s display name and default domain where Microsoft makes them available; for some tenants no result is returned.